What Is a Healthy Relationship - 866 Words

What is a healthy relationship? healthy relationship What makes a relationship a healthy relationship? What makes a relationship a healthy relationship? Is it love? Suprisingly no. Some relationships are lovable but destructive for both partners. Is it sex? Well for some sex is not a reason to stay in relationship even if its great. Then there are long distance relationships where lack of sex is a must, but couples still remain in a relationship. What makes a healthy relationship? What makes it good? Is is what we are told? Is is what we have seen, experience? The truth is we never had a good rolle models and our experiences didn’t end up well. Besides relationships have a hude emotional component where objectiveness is almost not possible. Concerning relationships there are so many myths that are simply far from having a good and healthy relationship. Good and healthy relationships feel good. Feel right. They are free of fear and full of devotion, emotional support, space and mutual respect. They are not just a condition. It’s a process. It’s journey of bouilding up and creating a bond. A journey where we long for being one but still being what we are. Are you looking for the one or you just haven’t met that special someone? Do you believe in faith? Is love all you need? Is it that people you want don’t want you or vice versa? Are you too picky or just have an endless list of do’s that need to be fulfilled? Yes? Yes! So many demands just to get an lovingShow MoreRelatedMaintaining A Healthy Relationship?1116 Words   |  5 PagesMaintaining a Healthy Relationship By Tianna Leon, Arizona State University (http://www.womenshealthmag.com/ author/tleon/) November 23, 2015 Nowadays good relationships are hard to come by, especially ones that are long lasting. Even if you do luck up, sometimes you can’t always determine that the relationship is fifty-fifty. 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A Brief Look at Ancient Egypt and Their Legindary Stele Essay

Whenever the topic of Ancient Egypt is breached, a few generic topics are instantly recalled: maybe it’s the pyramids, King Tut’s tomb, maybe even the Exodus? Before Egypt became the Egypt that most everyone knows of now, it was a wildly disjointed, disunited preamble to the great empire it became known for. King Narmer was the factor that ultimately changed that. Unifier of Egypt and founder of the First Dynasty, Narmer set into motion a series of events that ultimately shaped Egypt into the modern republic it is now. In this episode of ‘A History of the World in 101 Objects,’ we will delve into the history behind this legendary Stele, explore the ancient and current significance of such a production, and attempt to lift the veil on†¦show more content†¦Roosting on papyrus flowers is a falcon meant to symbolize Horus, especially important as papyrus is the symbol for Lower Egypt. Within his talons are a rope stemming from the head of a man growing out from the flowers. To the other side of Narmer is a man presenting the Pharaoh with his Sandals. Below him, almost comically are two nude men. Whether they lie there dead or are in the act of running away can only be guessed at, with again two more symbols beside them, likely representing the name of the conquered town. The other side of the tablet once again features Narmer at a superhuman height, emphasizing his superhuman nature. Wearing the Red Crown of Lower Egypt this time, he wields two common symbols of royalty, the mace and the flail. Again his sandal bearer stands behind him, only this time two symbols float alongside him, suggesting his name and an associated town. Narmer too has his name in hovering symbols beside him. A third character walking directly in front of the Pharaoh also has a pair of hieroglyphs alongside him, a long haired man who follows behind four standard bearers carrying an animal skin, a dog, and two falcons respectively. Suspended above these men are the symbols for a ship, a falcon, and a harpoon, likely a record of conquered towns. Ten decapitated corpses lie dead in front of their party, victims of the conquests of the Pharaoh. Below this

Anna Karenina and Hester Prynne Essay Example For Students

Anna Karenina and Hester Prynne Essay A tragic hero is the main character that posses a tragic flaw that causes his or her downfall. In addition, the tragic hero develops specific characteristics, where the reader should feel pity for the hero as they see his or her successive tragedy. In the Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the character Hester Prynne is view as a tragic heroine. Hester Prynne commits adultery and under Puritan laws, she has to wear a symbol for the rest of her life. Under her punishment, Hester Prynne suffers from the consequences of her sin and develops a tragic flaw that contributes to her downfall. We will write a custom essay on Anna Karenina and Hester Prynne specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy, the main character Anna Arkadyevna Karenina is also seen as a tragic heroine. Anna Karenina, a beautiful and elegant housewife falls in love with Count Vronsky. The adulterous relationship disturbs the position in society of Anna Karenina and Vronsky. Anna Kareninas tragedy or downfall is produce by her distinct and powerful selfishness. Evidently, these characters, as tragic heroines prove to have strong individualism and extremism; by displaying a strong determination, intelligence and sensitivity; by helping others in their own way and living isolated from society. Hester Prynne demonstrates her transcendence in the first Scaffold scene. At the scene Hester shows remarkable bravery and determination by refusing to reveal the name of her childs father; Dimmesdale. As well as Karenina, her decisions and actions are seen as an unethical and highly immoral by society. However, regardless of the reaction of her surroundings, Hester keeps a solid position and even refuses to save herself from her sin. Hesters strong determination and enigmatic attitude saves Dimmesdale from his mundane activity. This scene is the start of Hesters tragedy and exemplifies her individualism and extremism. Anna Karenina expresses distinctiveness in the scene where Dolly comes to visit her at the country house. Dolly is astonished by Annas freedom by riding horseback, which society considers improper for ladies. As Hester, Anna is against the rules that society has created and subsequently she lives a non-conformist life. Karenin still admits, Im unforgivably happy, something magical has happened to me, like a dream(pg.613) Dolly also admires her beauty, and despite all her suffering, pain and moral she continues to be a sophisticated and radiant. Similarly, Hesters and Annas extremism to fulfill what they believe lead them to their tragedy. Prynne reveals a special characteristic in chapter thirteen where the meaning of the scarlet letter changes. Hester Prynne despite all her public humiliation and her constant suffering, she becomes altruist. Prynne devotes part of her time to charity; helping the poor, the ill and women go to her in search of advice. Therefore, Hester is view as an Angel, changing the previous meaning of adultery. In addition, Hester is shown as an intelligent and capable woman since she was able to show society her sin and to not give up easily. Her decision to help Puritan community, even though they denigrated her, illustrates her sensitivity and intelligence. Anna is intelligent and literate, a reader of English novels and a writer of childrens books she also studied all the subjects that interested Vronsky, so that he often turned directly to her with questions of agronomy, architecture and occasionally, eben hourse-breeding and sports (pg.643). Anna is elegant, always understated in her dress and has a peculiar facility to talk and express herself. Anna Karenina also displays sensitivity by saving Dollys and Stivas marriage in part one. Dolly, devastated by grief over her husbands adultery, meets Anna who deeply cares about the Obloskys family. Karenina tells Dolly that Stiva is suffering and that he is capable of total repentance and with Annas kind words, she rescues Dollys marriage. In comparison with Hester Prynne, Annas goodness deteriorates as she suffers from public humiliation and guilt, while Hester Prynne faces society regardless of her shame. .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914 , .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914 .postImageUrl , .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914 , .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914:hover , .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914:visited , .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914:active { border:0!important; } .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914:active , .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914 .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubff53604e0de8dc339de45de1146e914:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 'The Red Room' written by H.G.Wells and 'The Whole Town's Sleeping' by Ray Bradbury EssayCondemned by her sin, Hester Prynne suffers from isolation at the beginning of the novel. Hester Prynne had the opportunity to escape all social disaffection, but she decides to live in Boston because she needs to be close to Pearls father. Consequently, Hester settles in an abandoned cabin on a patch of infertile land at the edge of town. Hester remains alienated from everyone, including the town fathers, respected women, beggars, children, and even strangers. Furthermore, Hester remains able to support herself due to her uncommon talent in needlework but brides will not wear the prod uct of Hester Prynnes hands. Therefore, as Anna Karenina, Hester Prynne is alienated and isolated from the rest of the community. Anna Karenina also lives the consequences of her extramarital affair. Anna lives in disgrace and shame, after deciding to leave her husband, son and society. The scandalous aristocratic people, encourages Anna to leave St. Petersburgo. An example of Annas social isolation occurs at the scene where Anna attends the opera. Anna is insulted by acquaintances in the neighboring box creating a painful and forced ostracism. Therefore, Anna and Vronsky live in exile; at the country Vozdvizhenskoe. Furthermore, Annas freedom and disconnection of her surroundings provide her with leisure. Consequently, Anna has more time to analyze her life and Vronskys actions and becomes extremely insecure. She became jealous Having as yet no object for jealousy, she was looking for one(pg. 751). Evidently, Anna Karenina and Hester Prynne suffer from society disaffection and negligence.

The Evolution of Management Thought Essay Example For Students

The Evolution of Management Thought Essay The Evolution of Management Thought Khalil Said University of Phoenix The Evolution of Management Thought The evolution of management thoughts and theories in modern management thinking began in the nineteenth century and continued during the twentieth. The need to define management and the role of managers led to the foundation of management theories through experience of the pioneer thinkers. Classical management theory focused on dividing the labors and tasks execution. Classical era characterized by creating a stable profit that stability is the key success of an organization. Among the most influential thinkers that time were Frederick Taylor and his thoughts of scientific management, Henri Fayol and the administrative management, and the bureaucracy of Max Weber. These three thinkers called for the division of labor to improve management effectiveness in organizations. The principles of scientific management, administrative management, and bureaucracy were put forward as the best and only ways for organizations to be operated and administered efficiently to improve, succeed, and meet their profit goals. We will write a custom essay on The Evolution of Management Thought specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Henri Fayol belongs to administrative management; his long career working in a mining company led him to develop the five basic elements of management. These elements are â€Å"1) plan by examining the future and draw up plans of action,2) organize, build up the structure, 3) command by maintaining activity among the personnel, 4) co-ordinate, bind together, unify, and harmonize activity and effort, and 5) control, see that everything occurs in conformity with policy and practice† (Jarvis, 2005). Besides that, Fayol developed the 14 principles of management. According to Hartman (2007) although these principles were controversial in modern organizations, some of them are still in use in those organizations. Wren (2005) noted that these principles derived from Fayal’s experience whereas he was working at a mining company. Although these principles, according to Wren, are not absolute in all organization settings, they served as the foundation of management and as â€Å"lighthouses† to show the way to theory. Fayol’s principles were: 1. Division of labor: through specialization, employees maximized their productivity and produced better results with the ame effort they hitherto spent in executing the same tasks. 2. Authority: Manager’s responsibilities are to exercise power and give order to the right employees. Manager’s authorities based on his or her official authority and differentiated from their personal authorities. 3. Discipline: managers require applying disciplinary methods to keep respect betwe en an organization and its employees on the one hand, and a smooth functioning of all works on the other. 4. Unity of command: employees can receive orders from one only manager. Fayol is best known is differing with Taylor on the value of functional foremen. According to Reid (1995) â€Å"Fayol believed that no employee should receive orders from more than one source and that this authority must be represented at all times. † 5. Unity of direction: there is a clear plan in place for all organizational activities on which all decision-making centralized. 6. Subordination of individual interests to the general interest: the interest of organizational goals comes first before the interest of any employee or group of employees. . Remuneration: an agreement between a firm and employees should provide a satisfactory pay rates to both parties. These rates depend on the quality of service and market conditions. 8. Centralization. The degree of centralization and decentralization depends on the dynamics of each organization. Wren (2005) noted that according to Fayol’s centralization and decentralization argument â€Å"everything which goes to increase the importance of the subordinate’s role is decentralization, everything which goes to reduce it is centralization (p. 17). † 9. Scalar chain. A chain of authority exists from the highest organizational authority to the lowest ranks. A direct and clear communication channel needed to increase the effectiveness of organizational communication. 10. Order. Selection of the right material and the right employee to execute certain tasks is important for continuing each organizational function and activity. 11. Equity. Justice and fairness to be in place dealing with employees. 12. Stability of tenure of personnel. A stable environment is important to maximize the productivity of managers and employees. 13. Initiative. Initiatives and plans in need to communicate in clear directions at all levels of the organizational hierarchy so that there should be no waste of time and valuable resources. 14. Esprit de Corps. â€Å"Create a functional teamwork with clear verbal communication is important for the success of an organization. † (Wren, 2005, p. 215) Administrative theory looks at the organization as a closed system. .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4 , .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4 .postImageUrl , .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4 , .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4:hover , .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4:visited , .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4:active { border:0!important; } .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4:active , .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4 .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4f39f4613d9ff1c9c746f62e909f93d4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bush EssayThe interaction with external environment and the absence of human elements or social factors characterized the formal and classical management era. â€Å"Classical administrative theory, like its near-contemporary the scientific management approach, rests on the premises that organizations are unproblematically rational and (effectively) closed systems† (Marshal1998). Walonck (n. d, cited in Reshef, 2000) emphasized that â€Å"classical management theory was rigid and mechanistic. The shortcomings of classical organization theory quickly became apparent. Its major deficiency was that it attempted to explain peoples motivation to work strictly as a function of economic reward. † Fayol agreed with Taylor’s ideal that if work methods and procedures are carefully examined and observed, more efficient ones could be created and adopted by the rest of the workforce. † Fayol and Weber offered plans for managing large organizations. Fayol (cited in Wren, 1994) stressed education for management rather than technical training, the importance of planning and organizing, and the ongoing phases of command, coordination, and control, (p. 30) The increase of organizational complexity, environmental uncertainty, and a competitive advantage locally and globally made the classical theories too weak to respond in a timely manner to all these factors. Peter Drucker the Moralist Drucker according to some sources is one of the greatest thinkers in modern management theory. According to Hartman (2007) he is â€Å"the father of management by objectives (MBO). † Drucker’s idea and management thoughts based on the relationship and the interaction between management and employees. According to this theory, management spends more time focusing on developing strategic policies and less time spending on supervisory and control issues. Handy (1996) explains that MBO â€Å"assumes that subordinates and superiors negotiate and that neither is power conscious. It also assumes that results are important and that some risks are worth taking – uncertainty- which are the individual’s responsibilities (p. 118) Drucker emphasized the importance of environment. As a modern thinker, he believed that organizational innovation required remaining at a competitive advantage and responding in a timely manner to the internal as well as the external environments. The increased complexity of multinational organizations created the necessity of a new structure that Drucker (1974) called Federal decentralization. In federal decentralization, a company is organized so that there are a number of independent units operating simultaneously. Each unit has its own management which, in effect, runs its own autonomous business. (p. 72) this structure has resulted in large conglomerates, which have diversified into many different fields to minimize risk. Drucker (cited in Cornelis, 2009) in the new realities states that: â€Å"management is what tradition used to call liberal art- liberal because it deals with the fundamentals of knowledge, self knowledge; wisdom, and leadership; art because it deals with practice and application. † According to Drucke r (Cited in Clark, 2004) â€Å"a theory of business has three parts: 1. There are assumptions about the environment of the organization: society and its structure, the market, the customer, and technology. . There are assumptions about specific mission of the organizations. 3. There are assumptions about the core competencies needed to accomplish the organization’s mission (pg. X1 ). † The advance in information technology and communication led Drucker to emphasize the importance of knowledge and knowledge workers. In his book the new realities he states that â€Å"knowledge is information that changes something or somebody—either by becoming grounds for actions, or by making an individual (or an institution) capable of different or more effective action. Thus, the productivity of knowledge and knowledge workers will not be the only competitive factor in the world economy, it is, however; likely to become the decisive factor, at least for most industries in the developed countries† (Clark, 2004, pg. X1, cited Drucer). In contrast with the rational system and top down management â€Å"do it on my way†, Drucker emphasized the importance of the human subject and employee involvement. In his book the new realities he noted that â€Å"the task of management is to make people capable of joint performance, to make their strength effective and the weaknesses irrelevant. This is organization is all about, and it is the reason that management is the critical, determining factor† (Cornelis, 2009). Drucker (1954, cited in Gazell, 2000) â€Å"management was a body of knowledge ultimately enabling people to control nature and their lives and to achieve economic improvement and social justice through the systematic organization of economic resources. He added that â€Å"management is work, and as such it has its own skills, its own tools, its own techniques for completing tasks. † In his view culture is based on shared beliefs and values, shared justification and rationalizations, and shared behavior. A leader is someone who has followers, popularity is not leadership, results are, leaders are highly visible, they set examples; leadership is not rank, privilege, titles or money, it is responsibility† (from the essential Drucker, cited in Cornelis, 2009) Fayol in his view of management focused on management and the role of managers and a dministrative procedure. According to Wren (2004) Fayol first noted that the effect of management on business activities was not fully understood and that technical expertise â€Å"can be completely destroyed by defective administrative procedures. Second, â€Å"a leader who is a good administrator but technically mediocre is generally much more useful to the enterprise than if he were a brilliant technician but a mediocre administrator. † Thus, according to Fayol, as cited in Wren (2004) â€Å"organizational success depended more on the managerial abilities of its leaders than on their technical abilities† (p. 12). According to Fayol, employees execute tasks and do what the managers want them to do. Employees involvement was absent from his thoughts and writing. .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922 , .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922 .postImageUrl , .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922 , .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922:hover , .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922:visited , .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922:active { border:0!important; } .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922:active , .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922 .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u38c933727bf5e649935c5b5fdfa34922:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sir Isaac Newton Essay PapersStone and Patterson (2005) noted that â€Å"both theories relied on the machine metaphor with a heavy emphasis on mechanization of jobs, which undermined the human aspect of the organization and failed to recognize organizations as complex organisms. † In contrast, Drucker hoped to see the American factory as a self-governing community. Drucker (cited in Hoopes, 2003) noted that â€Å"managers could legitimately make strategic decisions from participation in the plant’s social organizations (p. 240). † Classical managers have the duty to lead in a directive manner because their leaders are also directive and classical top d own management style. According to Crawford, Brungardt, and Maughan (n. d), leaders organize, control, command, decide, and manipulate for results. The most effective leaders are those who can force structure on a disordered organization that had no form before. They added that â€Å"the capacity to organize cannot be underscored enough for the classical leader. Given the fact that the classicist desires stability to minimize change, formal structure is the ultimate way of codifying what is good in the organization, and what is bad is structured as far away as possible from leadership. † Conclusion Management theories and thoughts exist to solve problems and provide some guidelines to a profitability and survival of organizations. The dilemma between the classical view of management thoughts and the post-classical view is that classical theories dealt with top down management and decision-making regardless of any environmental effects and the human subject. Whereas the post classical theories see that bottom up decision making and its external environment affect overall organizational effectiveness as an organization becomes more complex and conducts its business in uncertain and unpredictable global market. References Clark, D. 2004). Knowledge. Retrieved Dec 12, 2009, from http://www. sos. net/~donclark/knowledge/knowledge. html Cornelis, A. (2009). Peter Drucker on management: Three themes. Retrieved Dec 07, 2009, from http://www. scribd. com/doc/21607554/Peter-Drucker-on-Management-3-themes Cohen, W. A. (2007). A class with Drucker: The lost lessons of the worlds greatest m anagement teacher. AMACOM. Crawford, Brungardt, Maughan (2007). Understanding leadership. Retrieved Dec 13, 2009, from union. okstate. edu/Leadership/Documents/HistoryofLeadership. ppt Gazell, J. A. (2000). Drucker on effective public management. Journal of Management History. Bradford, (6)1,  pg. 48 Handy, C. (1996). Gods of management: The changing work of organizations. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Hartley, R. F. (2005). Business ethics: Mistakes and successes, first edition. John Wiley Sons. Hoops, j. (2003). False prophets and the gurus who created modern management and why their ideas are bad for business. Purse US Publishing Jarvis, C. (2005). Fayol (1841-1925) functions and principles of management. Retrieved Dec 01, 2009, from http://www. bola. biz/competence/fayol. html Marshal,G. (1998). Administrative theory. Retrieved December 10, 2009 from Encyclopedia. com: http://www. ncyclopedia. com/doc/1O88-administrativetheory. html Reid, D. (1995). Fayol: From experience to theory. Journal of Management History. Bradford (1)3, pg. 21 Reshef, Y. (2000). Henri Fayol (1841-1925) General and industrial management. University of Alberta. Retrieved on November 28, 2008, from http://www. business. ualberta. ca/yreshef/orga417/Fayol. htm Walonck, D. S. (n. d). Organizational theory and behavior. Retrieved Dec 01, 2009, from http://survey-software-solutions. com/walonick/organizational-theory. htm Wren, D. A. (1994). The evolution of management thought (4th ed. ). San Francisco: John Wiley Sons.

Comparrasion of Ozmandiaze and the Ruin essays

Comparrasion of Ozmandiaze and the Ruin essays Mans Creation Cannot Last Forever. In about 450 B.C., the city of Olympia where the first Olympic games were held in 776 B.C. built a temple to honor the god Zeus. Many considered the Doric-style temple too simple, so a lavish 40-foot statue of Zeus was commissioned for the inside. Wealthy Greeks decided to move the statue to a palace in Constantinople (present-day Istanbul, Turkey). Their effort prolonged its life, as fire later devastated the Olympia temple. However, the new location couldn't keep Zeus eternally safe: a severe fire destroyed the statue in A.D. 462. All that remains in Olympia are the temple's fallen columns and the foundation of the building. It is peculiar that the amazing creations of man cannot last forever; the same idea can be observed by comparing the setting, plot and irony in the poems The Ruin and Ozymandias. By examining the setting of both poems, one can perceive the idea that man-made inventions cannot last forever. The setting of The Ruin is in an old Roman city, where the wielders once built a huge city intending it to last forever, but now all that remains are Broken blocks... (41). People of the Roman city thought that their mighty kingdom, well built walls, bright buildings, and mead halls would last forever, but there is a force called wierds that does not allows mans creations to exist forever. In the same manner, the setting of Ozymandias is also related to the theme that mans creations cannot last forever. The setting concerns an ancient Egyptian desert, where Ozymandias once created his huge statue (artifact) thinking that it would last forever. However, the only object that remains consists of Two vast and trunk less legs of stone (2). Ozymandias created his huge statue to show the world how much power he had, without understanding the destructive power...

Verbs Like Know

Verbs Like Know Verbs Like Know Verbs Like Know By Maeve Maddox Reader Nancy has noticed the following use of know: If Id know this years ago. This is a non-standard use of the verb, possibly an example of dialect. In standard usage known is the past participle called for in this clause: If Id known this years ago†¦ Know belongs to a small group of verbs that have retained their irregular forms: know-knew-(have) known blow-blew-(have) blown grow-grew-(have) grown throw threw (have) thrown The third form in each example is the past participle form used with the helping verbs have and has. The past participle can also be used as an adjective. Here are some examples: Verb use If Id known this years ago, I would have changed my behavior. The wind has blown without cease for three days. I have grown these tomatoes from seed. Billy has thrown a perfect curve ball. Adjective use Elizabeth George is a well-known author. The youth has no known arrests. My car has a blown gasket. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†How Long Should a Paragraph Be?50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain†

Research Essay 1.What is independent filmUsing one or two contemporary

Research 1.What is independent filmUsing one or two contemporary films of your choice critically examine the problem of how to define independent cinema - Essay Example One of the most popular as well as influential kinds of art at the present moment is cinema. However, it must be noted that contrary to the so called mainstream cinema, there is a peculiar phenomenon that is called independent film. This paper will engage two independent movies and based on their close examination will come up with a list of characteristic features of an independent film. The first movie that will be used is titled Reservoir Dogs. Leaving aside some formal details of it, such as the cast or the director, one should note that it reflects the general tendency of independent films to involve unusual, controversial and provocative actions in the plot of the movie. In other words, the characters are shown performing actions that are rarely seen in the mainstream cinema (Allen 2003, p. 14). For example, in Reservoir Dogs one of the main characters, namely Mr. Blonde is portrayed torturing a hostage with a razor, ultimately severing his ear off. There is no doubt that scenes which depict torture are seen in the mainstream movies as well, but they have more symbolic meaning, while directors of independent film tend to portray violence quite realistically. In addition to that, in the same scene of torture, Mr. Blonde finds it necessary not only to mutilate the hostage, but also to kill him. In spite of the fact, that Mr. Blonde has a gun and can easily end li fe of this man, the former decided to spill gasoline all over the hostage and ignite it, making death of the latter long and painful. As one can clearly see, the amount of violence in one particular scene is tremendous if compared to mainstream movies. Indeed, in the latter, people are often killed without excessive cruelty as this is able to undermine the reputation of the studio. Contrary to that independent films have almost no restrictions on the amount of violence that they are able to provide the viewers with. Another important characteristic feature of

Current event summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Current event summary - Assignment Example The first step is to identify the key players and target the one who are most important and the one who are at the risk of leaving. They can be offered both financial as well as non financial incentives modified according to their requirements. According to the article, it is important to find out the hidden gems where the HR and the line managers would work together when the changes takes place. These will certainly help the companies to identify the talents that are hidden within the company. It can be fundamentally disagreed with the article as when the changes takes place, retaining of not only the key performers is essential but also the normal performers or the average performers is very important as they may also play a crucial role in the long run of the organization’s fortune. Moreover throwing of financial incentives does seem to be the best way of retaining the employees. Though, utilization of this method can in turn de-motivate the other performers. It may at times turn out to be an improper utilization of financial resources of an organization. There are other ways through which the employees can be retained during such difficult times and it would also maintain aid in maintaining a balance between the key performers and the others. The main reason behind choosing this article was that employee’s retention is a major problem that is faced by almost all the companies during the times of restructuring. The article helps to provide proper understanding of what can be done in order to maintain the talents in the organization. It also highlights the importance of the normal performers in supporting the changes. Such change often makes the employees nervous and frightened. Therefore it is utmost important to win the hearts and minds of the participants and also those who are associated with the change process. Although an employee’s

Adolescence problems Essay Example for Free

Adolescence problems Essay Adolescence describes the teenage years between 13 and 19 and can be considered the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood. However, the physical and psychological changes that occur in adolescence can start earlier, during the preteen or tween years (ages 9-12). Adolescence can be a time of both disorientation and discovery. The transitional period can bring up issues of independence and self-identity. Sometimes adolescents may be experimenting with drugs and alcohol or sexuality. During this time, peer groups and external appearance tend to increase in importance. Home BiologyHuman Population and Health Top Problems of Adolescence Most problems of adolescence are due to failure in understanding the anatomical, morphological and psychological changes expected during adolescence. Psychologically, adolescence is such a vulnerable stage that boys / girls of this age are easily carried away by perceptions generated by Misleading and misguiding parents, teachers, friends, brother/sisters. Ignorance of elders. Half informed or ill informed friends, brothers, sisters. Wrongful messages depicted through TV serials, advertisements, films Publications carrying partially or fully false information. Such perceptions can be anything in the range of studies, sex, society, married life, career, religion, politics, or any relevant subject. Every adolescent boy or girl is prone to such exposures which ultimately are retained as perceptions in their minds to form their behavioural patterns. The problems of adolescence are classified as morphological / developmental psychological social educational Some problems are absolutely unimportant and trivial. They could be easily ignored. But even such problems cause great concern to adolescent people. Psychological Problems 3. Social 4. Educational 5. Social Implications Morphological / Developmental Problems Back to Top over growth of hair or undergrowth of hair over weight and underweight skin colour problems Facial deformities, pimples, etc. Limb deformities Abnormal growth of genitals and breasts. Psychological Problems Back to Top Ignorance about many basic facts leads to psychological problems like Misconceptions about sexual feelings, sex related issues. Misconceptions about child birth, reproduction. Misconceptions about coitus, menstrual cycles. Fear about sex and sexual issues. Guilt feeling about sex related issues. Inferiority / Superiority complex about skin colour, beauty, mental ability and IQ. Inexplicable perceptions about dress and fashion codes. Wrong and unrealistic ideologies about friendship and courtship. Perceptional or communicational or preconceived complications about their teachers and parents. Attraction towards opposite sex. Unrealistic and illogical curiosity about sex and sex related issues. Exceptional vulnerability to suicide psychology. Social Back to Top Anticipated unemployment and insecurity due to unemployment. Unwarranted and inexplicable hatredness towards brother / sisters, friends. Intense closeness with brothers / sisters, friends. Unpredictable and volatile relationships with friends. Unrealistic social perceptions about violence, love, sex as influenced by media. Unusually vulnerable and volatile relations with relatives. Fear / imagination about married life, life partners. Educational Back to Top Tensions of attending the classes, examinations and tests. Low IQ feeling. Fear about failure in examination. Fear about low score. Fear and concern about a future career. Misconceptions about teachers. Due to many problems faced during adolescence, the boys and girls of the age between 8 16 form a separate category by themselves. Their problems are specific to themselves. Most of the problems faced by them are perceptional. By timely and effective guidance many of their problems could be solved. Some of them may need medical / psychiatric attention. In India, the parents influence their behaviour, thoughts and are in position to solve many problems if they have positive approach. Despite all efforts being made by parents, teachers, large number of adolescents face one or many problems. When the problem is aggravated, the parents may take them to doctors. But most of them face minor problems modifying their behavioural patterns, personality as a whole. The implications of problems in adolescence can be moral or social. Social Implications Back to Top Future citizen may have a high IQ due to positive thinking and reorientation of their mental resources towards positive personality development. A section of future population may turn into disgruntled, impatient group of people due to grooming of misconceptions about society, love, law, relations, etc. Due to wrong educational policies and ever growing unemployment problems a section of population may turn hostile against the whole society, which breeds and deepens the antisocial activities and perverted thinking. Many of the wrong perception about sex related problems may lead them to unwanted motherhood, anxiety or illegal termination of pregnancy. Some problems during adolescence are decisive in building the personalities (positive and negative) who may or may not utilize the opportunities open to them during their later life. When teachers, parents, brothers /sisters or any close person has positive dominant personality to effectively guide the adolescent at right time they turn out to be very useful section of future population. Imaginary fear, imaginary anxieties and unrealistic expectations as well as host of strong misconceptions may ultimately end up with personalities of negative / perverted thoughts. In extreme disillusions, tension, wrongful personality and maladjustments a section of population may have to be psychiatric patients. Psychosis of mild nature may remain untreated and unnoticed. Such people will not do anything useful to the society or their families. Adolescent being influenced by mass media like electronic media, print media or computer culture may be guided or misguided by such exposure. When misguided they are likely to develop negative perception about many social values. The social implications of adolescent problems are dependent upon social structure. In a country like India where family ties are strong due to emotional, financial, religious attachments the gravity of implications are less. But in an individualistic society like US / Europe where family ties are shallow the gravity of implications can be far more serious. Finding help for families, teenagers and children can be a challenge. But there is good news. Information and referral systems are available from our schools, medical offices, news magazines, the yellow pages and even the Internet. Many parents are finding help and discovering resources by asking family, friends and their co-workers. In fact, information and referrals based on a personal recommendation is a great way to find help. Unfortunately, finding help for children and families has become more  difficult than finding help for most adults problems. For instance, health insurance has many restrictions that limit who you can see and what services they can provide. Most of the problems that families and children face are not covered and only certain diagnoses will be treated. Public programs across the country lack adequate funding. The schools have programs, but they desperately need more staff and money to meet the demands that currently exist. There are many private counselors who work with children, but there are only a few who work with families and children who have serious behavioral and emotional problems. The consequence when children don’t get the help they need can be tragic. Parents and families give up when they don’t know what to do, when they are discouraged and when they lack adequate information. Finding and getting help means you need to get oriented and understand the problems and potential solutions. Behavior Problems. In order to deal with a problem it will help a great deal if parents can describe the problem in terms that may lead to a solution. Here are the problems that I see parents and their children facing. Many of these will surface in small children or they may not appear until children become teenagers. Social withdrawal and isolation Refusal to go to school Demanding and selfish attitude Disregard for rules, responsibilities and family functioning Poor study behavior and skills Unfocused or disruptive behavior in classroom Grades and school performance dropping Erratic or emotionally unstable behavior Poor hygiene and grooming Behavior is disrespectful or defiant Involved in high risk and reckless activities Using alcohol or other drugs Skipping school Stealing or theft Destructive, threatening or violent behavior Self-harming or suicidal behavior Typical Causes. It takes time for problems to become critical, life threatening or intolerable. At some point, one can trace the cause to one or more factors. A pattern of problems will usually occur over time before a problem becomes a crisis. Identifying these factors can help characterize the evolution of a problem or a crisis, the appropriate response and the potential solution that may be necessary. Brittle or fragile emotional temperament Social demands exceed current ability Peer and social pressures Failure to provide rules, discipline and a bonded relationship with a child Parental divorce or separation Family conflict and discord Neglect or abandonment Traumatic experience Undiagnosed medical or psychological problem Untreated parental alcoholism, drug abuse or mental disorder Alcohol and other drug use What are the Solutions?. The first step is to define the problem and a potential cause. After that, you need to explore potential solutions. There are at least several dozen potential solutions to any problem. That is a lot to consider. Unfortunately, access to many of these resources may depend on the parent’s employment benefits and their income. Many public programs have waiting lists and may exclude children if the problem is not severe enough. Exclusion from public programs does not mean the problem is minor. Many programs are full and can only take children with more severe problems. The following is a partial list of potential solutions. Self-help Parenting education and training Individual counseling and therapy Group counseling and therapy Parenting consultation and advice Family counseling and therapy Increased parental involvement and supervision Tutoring Special education programs Change schools Outdoor activities or adventure programs Move to a new area Parenting by other family members Foster care Health and human service case management Private school Day treatment therapy program Boarding school Therapeutic boarding school Residential treatment program Medication intervention Psychiatric hospitalization Police or law enforcement response Diagnosis can be misleading. There are many ways to define problems. One of the least useful and potentially harmful is to rely entirely on a diagnosis. A diagnosis alone can be misleading. Many problems are not solved because the problem was diagnosed, the underlying problems were missed or ignored, and the diagnosis suggested an approach that was inadequate and unfocused. A diagnosis can create a false sense of certainty. Why? Because the diagnostic procedures used in mental health are not much more sophisticated than one used to diagnose a headache or a stomach ache. For instance, there are many forms of headaches and stomach aches. There are many things that can cause a headache a tumor, tension, injury, eye strain, diet, disease, flu, allergies, a cold or bacterial infections etc.. In mental health, no matter how rigidly we use diagnostic criteria, or how sophisticated the interview process, we are still looking at patterns that have many origins. There can be many sources and causes for a particular problem – especially family problems that involve children. A traumatic experience can result in many different problems. The behaviors associated with attention deficits and hyperactivity can be caused and maintained by many things. As a result, there are many potential outcomes and approaches, and these can vary with each family, their beliefs, values, attitudes, culture, ethnicity and their resources. Parents need more than a diagnosis. It helps to understand a problem in a manner that can tell us how a potential solution may work. It’s not enough to say that a child is depressed and they need to talk to a counselor. A child who is living in an abusive home may be depressed and emotionally withdrawn, but they don’t necessarily need therapy to express their emotions. The family may be the more important focus and the most important part of the solution. Counseling and Therapy. Counseling and therapy is a mixed bag as far as solutions go. There are more than 200 types of counselors and therapists. Trying to find the right one can be overwhelming or end up a waste of time. There is also a great deal of similarity between some counselors and some therapists. Counseling is not therapy. Counseling usually results in a realization, a plan or a decision. A therapist provides an environment of activities that bring about change – almost like exercise. There are no simple words of advice or a formula that will absolutely insure that your family or child will find the right person. Trial and error may be required. But there are four guidelines that have been shown to increase the likelihood of success. Become invested. Educate yourself, gather information and become actively invested in understanding the problem and selecting a counselor or therapist. Learn how it works. Don’t select a particular counselor or therapist unless you believe they can clearly describe the problem, how their approach to therapy or counseling works, and how that approach will resolve the problem. The relationship heals. The relationship you and your child have with a counselor or therapist as well as their approach are equally important. Work with people you and your child trust, like and believe is competent. Get references. Ask for the names of other parents or professionals who can recommend a potential counselor or therapist. There is no better reference than a credible recommendation and past success with similar problems. Medications. The use of medication can present a real solution and a real problem for most parents. Medications can have a powerful effect on the mood and behavior of children. For parents who have tried everything else, medications can make the difference between a life lost and a chance to become a reasonably successful adult. There are certain realities when one decides to use medication. For one thing, psychiatric medications for behavioral and mental health problems will treat the symptoms and not the cause. Medications do not cure psychological, emotional and behavioral problems. Psychiatric medications that are used to treat depression, anxiety, mood swings, attention deficits, hyperactivity and disorganized thinking always affect another part of a child’s body and brain. These side-effects are not clearly understood and the long term impact on growing children is still uncertain. Law suites are surfacing and legislators are proposing legislation to address recognized dangers in the wrongful medication on children. While one should be cautious about the use of medications to treat behavioral problems, there is certainly a place for these drugs. In severe cases, and cases where parents cannot afford therapy and special schools, medications can bring hope to an otherwise hopeless situation. In some cases, children may require medication to simply participate in school, family activities and counseling or therapy. More importantly, a child’s personality and attitude in life will be damaged if that child is left in a depressed, anxious or otherwise dysfunctional state for an extended period of time. Medication can be a life boat and deterrent against psychological and social trauma that come from serious but temporary problems that would otherwise destroy a child’s attitude toward life. But before you start any medication, ask your pharmacist for information on the side effects. The Power of Parenting and Family. Parents and family members can have the most powerful impact of a child’s behavior, attitude and approach to life. Put simply, children are persuaded and impressed by the people they spend the most time with and the people who matter most. That should be the child’s parents and family. Why? Because a therapist can only provide an exceptional environment, relationship and activities for an hour or so a week. Individual counseling and therapy may not be enough for most children especially if that child is facing social pressure, temptations, painful experiences and inappropriate role models during the remainder of the week. In most cases, individual therapy or counseling without parental or family involvement is not enough. In some cases, therapy and counseling can result in a child developing unrealistic expectation of their parents and family. It is easier to be a therapist than it is to be a parent. This is why family education and involvement in counseling and therapy may be essential. Therapy and counseling should never replace the essential role of parents or a family. It should support those roles. But if parents are unwilling or unable to become involved with their child or in therapy, then therapy can provide the support that some children desperately need. Peers and Social Pressure. At a very early age, many children are profoundly influenced by their peers. It has been repeatedly observed in social science that children learn behaviors and will adopt the attitude of children they are emotionally bonded with. As children begin to bond with other children, they seek approval, advice and even direction for their life. The struggle for independence and separation from parents is a natural process. However, problems will invariably surface, attitudes may become hostile, and values can become lost when parents become less involved with their children. Social pressure is a powerful tendency for children to imitate and adopt the behavior and emotional sensitivity of others. Children begin to think the way they talk with their friends. Children tend to become what they think about.

Architectural Study at Cal Poly :: Architecture

Architectural Study at Cal Poly Lost in the hills of Poly Canyon lies a land filled with bizarre structure built by past students that make up the architectural study area. This chunk of land is designated for architectural students to build their senior projects on. In the true Cal Poly spirit of learn by doing, students have been building inventive structures as senior projects. However, before 1963, most of these projects were torn down after completion. So the Dean of the college of architecture at the time, asked for land just for the students to build on. After being denied several times, he finally went to the boss for land and got it. After the campus president, heard of this, he gave nine acres of land in poly canyon for the students to build on. The first of eighteen student built structures is an enormous stone arch that marks the entrance. Here there is a map showing all of the projects and their locations. Past the arch is a rock wall where the faces of the creators are engraved in the stone. This wall marks a path leading to Techtite Bridge which was another student project. The next project on the path is the flower. While visiting I was fortunate enough to meet one of the creators. Because the original project is currently falling apart, he funded a group of students this year to rebuild a new one. The project is finished and it was rededicated October sixteenth of this year. Behind the flower, lies the Geodesic Dome. This dome is made of aluminum pipes and is fifty feet in diameter. When I first came across this dome, it looked to me like something I used to play on at the park as a kid. As I walked closer I saw that it was about thirty feet high and that it was no toy. Across from the dome is the sundial which, unfortunately, is no longer standing.

New European Urban Hierarchy

Critically assess the forces which are influencing the shape of a ‘new European urban hierarchy† (Hall, 1993). Use case studies to illustrate and assess how individual cities are positioning themselves in this new spatial order. Throughout Europe, cities and regions have launched on a path of competitive redevelopment by means of a variety of strategies, ranging from large-scale mega developments and integrated action plans to community- based local re-conversion efforts. These schemes are spread over the European urban and regional landscape, operating in a variety of regulatory, political and socio-economic contexts, welfare regimes and public policy frameworks and combine private and public initiatives and finances in a great diversity of institutional framework. However, they are comparable in the sense that they are inserted in and grapple with epochal global trends and attempt to re-assert their position in the new global economic competitive climate and its associated technological, cultural and social transformations. Each of these produces a series of profound mechanisms of exclusion/integration and, at the end of the day, it is such activities, which shape or moderate the process of polarization and exclusion itself. The 1980†³s saw competition between European cities for mobile investment in a variety of ways. Multinational enterprises boosted this competition through looking at the location of new productive plants and offices, this therefore saw city governments promoting and marketing themselves in a more beneficial way in an effort to be a magnet for inward investment. They saw ways to ‘Hall mark† events such as major sporting events; cultural festivals and trade fairs which can all have considerable economic effects. I will be looking at Barcelona, Dublin and Lille and at the different strategies they have used to respond to global, economic pressures within and between cities in positioning themselves in the European urban hierarchy and the changes that have taken place. Differences in infrastructure and human capital are widely recognised as contributing significantly to variations in regional competitiveness. The economically stronger and more prosperous regions of the Community are generally more richly endowed with more resources, while the lagging regions typically have serious deficiencies (Commission of the European Community, 1994, p. 65). All major cities have become actively involved in what has been termed ‘city marketing†. There are ways in which academics have sought to identify cities from the best to the worst, this has been established through â€Å"league tables. From these league tables the cities to be at the most highest are obviously seen as the most appealing cities to live in and also for investment. Rankings are made on the basis of economic variables such as gross domestic product per head, the unemployment rate, pressure for the demand for space or the proportion of the workforce employed in higher-order occupations. Quality of life is measured in ways such as education, health care, cultural or leisure facilities and environmental variables. â€Å"A new geography of Europe is emerging which ignores national frontiers. The most successful cities are located in what Hall termed ‘the blue Banana†. Cities in the core derive considerable scale economics and access advantages whilst cities in the periphery do not and must bare substantial distance costs† (Lever 1992:936) The core banana covers the cities of London, Paris, Brussels, Amsterdam, Cologne, Frankfurt, Munich and Milan. A subsidiary core banana has developed which encompasses Mediterranean cities like Barcelona, Marseilles and Nice and which is connected to the first banana through the Alpine region. Most of the successful or those furthest up the hierarchy are located within these regionalised cores. These advantages have resulted in growth due to the specialised high technology manufacture and information processing. The Commission of the European Communities has pointed there are weaknesses which are forcing investors to move out; the high costs of wages and land and also the congestion and pollution. They also stated that the older urban centres in the core have older populations and will in time undergo a demographic decline whereas the younger populations of the periphery will engender further progress. There is not a single urban hierarchy in Europe. Rather there are a number of overlapping hierarchies, which centre on particular functions†¦. Each urban area is in competition with a range of others according to the economic function and the sphere of influence – global, national, or regional – at which it performs its specialisms (Commission of the European Community, 1994, p. 44). The paradox in this statement illustrates the crucial point in the debate about territorial competition within the European urban system. It is not the urban areas themselves that are directly in competition, but the economic specialisms and functions, which operate from within them. The locations of economic activities – new production and service facilities, international institutions and major cultural and sporting events – are also a function of an urban area's social capital. The externalities generated by the degree and level of social capital are the basis for urban areas competing for the location of economic activities in the first instance and maintaining them locally in the second. However, it is the leading edge or specialist activities, contained within city-regions, which compete within the global or international economy. Given the regionally networked nature of international production and service provision, there is also a degree of complementarily. Urban policy in Lille centres on the improvement of the competitive position and the development of large-scale operations that are capable of improving the urban image and of attracting external investments. Eurolille is a large –scale commercial quarter which has included many different policy domains; job creation, education, development of urban space for new activities and function, new industries, neighbourhood revitalisation and improvement of security. The creation of the retail business centre Eurolille also led to the redistribution of commercial spaces in the city itself. The policies of urban regeneration and the struggle against social exclusion in the Lille metropolis reflect these institutional and strategic transformations. Their analysis helps to understand the process that led to the realisation of Eurolille. The most generic procedure put forward by the Ministere de la Ville and the Delegation Interministerielle a la Ville is the Contrat de Ville (CDV). The main objective of this procedure is to combat urban exclusion at the level of â€Å"priority-targeted† neighbourhoods and at the level of the agglomeration on the other. Actions for social assistance aiming at improving daily life as well structural actions involving large-scale urban operations (roads, improvement of the housing stock) are launched. â€Å"Lille could expect substantial economic benefits from its position on the TGV network† (Newman and Thorney 1996: 190) The construction of the TGV station in the centre of Lille in 1994 plays a key-role in this strategy of regenerating the Lille metropolis. The subsequent construction of an international business centre must put Lille at the heart of a Northern European transportation network and provide the metropolis with an important international role. This, in turn, should help to attract external investments, to create a pole of advanced business services; and will make the metropolitan and regional economy much more dynamic. The advent of the Channel Tunnel and the high-speed train network in France, has also improved its attractiveness. Barcelona is a Mediterranean city, the heart of the industrialization and the social, political, and cultural movements of contemporary Spain. The city has remarkable evidence of moving from profound economic crisis in 1980 to a city with a strong image. The high degree of private investment in the projects related to the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games corresponds to the great expectation created by the attractiveness of the city of Barcelona. â€Å"The Olympic games bought the attention of the world to Barcelona† (Newman and Thornley 1996:91) Among the physical impacts – which per se can have important economic effects – is the impact on urbanism. The change in the urban model can be seen immediately by comparing the density of traffic in 1990 before the ring roads were built, with the density of 1993, after the opening of the Dalt and Litoral ring roads. The changes in traffic due to the effect of these roads was one of the most synthetic expressions of the impact of the Olympic Games on the city. European integration strengthens the Western Mediterranean region, as a bridge between the centre and the south of Europe. In this context, Barcelona also has another powerful attraction: its metropolitan area, found in a central axis of European communications. Barcelona is thus an excellent location for head offices and its metropolitan area excellent for the introduction of their plants. The possibilities of capitalizing on the Olympic impulse, consolidating its new role as a service centre specialized in activities with high surplus value, seems clear. The build up to the Games brought about further impact on the city fabric, not least because it led to a massive increase in speculation on land values, and housing prices soared. There was a substantial growth in the number of properties available, which contrasted drastically with a birth rate at a record low, not to mention its negative migratory balance. Despite these facts nothing held down the rise in property prices for both home ownership and rent. Dublin as the national capital and primate city in Ireland has produced both renaissance flagship urban development projects and socio-spatially excluded communities in the drive to modernise and compete with other comparable cities in the newly emerging urban hierarchy of the European Union. The CHDDA International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) Urban Regeneration project is one of the main projects designed to enhance the city†s image and competitive position in the international urban arena. The urban renewal act of 1988, set out a process for model of regeneration in Dublin. With 23 property developers and 30 urban planners many changes were made to the city of Dublin. Since the 1980†³s Dublin has turned around and has been extremely successful from investments and has become a magnet for tourists. The IFSC represents an important attempt by the Irish government and the Industrial Development Authority (IDA) to reposition Ireland in the international division of labour from national primate city to peripheral world city. It seeks to avail of some of the benefits of the hypermobility of capital within the economy of the international financial system. Dublin†s IFSC has developed a niche for itself in the international division of financial services by focusing on back office banking operations and corporate treasury activities. Although no rival to London or New York, Dublin†s ‘niche† has strong global dimensions. Temple Bar was one of the key areas to receive European funding. A variety of cultural facilities, ranging from the National Film Centre, Children's Theatre, Music Centres, Art Galleries, all received major European funding. This contributed hugely to its capital programme. In addition, it had much better financial incentives than elsewhere in the City Centre. This concentration of European Funding and Government Tax Incentives within a relatively small area has been the financial power behind the scheme. Dublin Corporation has embarked on a major regeneration project for a historic part of the city from O'Connell Street westwards towards the Phoenix Park – one of the key areas in the old Abercrombie/Sydney Kelly plan – H. A. R. P. – Historic Area Regeneration Project. It covers a large part of the inner north city and includes the city markets area, major shopping centres, important public buildings, long established residential communities, areas of dereliction and many socially deprived areas. It also includes major civic elements, like the North Quays and Smithfield. The new light rail transport system – LUAS, will pass through the area and this should have a strong economic effect. Policy tools can be applied in various combinations to manage change in practice and to attempt to achieve sustainable development. The development and implementation of city-wide environmental strategies and action plans require effective community participation and partnership mechanisms, as called for in the Local Agenda 21 programme. Local Agenda 21 is essentially a strategic process of encouraging and controlling sustainable development. The development, management and implementation of this process requires all the skills and tools that can be brought to bear by a local authority and its community. â€Å"Cities are not just passive places in which international capital or prestigious functions locate, but in the new global competition for economic growth, have themselves become important factors in creating opportunities for economic development and influencing the new urban hierarchy† (Newman and Thornley 1996:16) Cities have been positioning themselves in this ‘new urban hierarchy† through the marketing strategies and construction of new images. This has taken place by many cultural activities and symbols all of which try to enhance the European world ranking of cities. Cities are obliged to adapt themselves rapidly to constant changes in economy and in other sectors. It is essential not to forget that this new form of development implies a danger to create a bigger division than the one that already exists inside urban societies. One of the key elements in this adaptation process to new changes is that cities must have a permanent and flexible educational and training system able to adapt itself rapidly to each moment circumstances.

Go Green Speech Essay

Introduction: According to the U.S Census Bureau, the world population is growing at a mindboggling rate. The world reached 1 billion people in 1800, 2 billion by 1922, and over 6 billion by 2000. It is estimated that the population will swell to over 9 billion by 2050. This means that if the world’s natural recourses were evenly distributed, people in 2050 will only have 25% of the resources per capita that people in 1950 had. Thesis: People need to start making changes to their lifestyles by making environmentally friendly choices to help save our planet. Body 1) The slogan â€Å"going green† is seen and heard everywhere, but so many people don’t understand why go green. A) There are only so many natural resources and with the population to reach 9 billion by 2050, there’s going to be a lot less to go around. B) Burning of fossil fuels and other emissions causes increase in Carbon dioxide that leads to global warming. C) Landfills are a rising cause because they are filled with trash that can take millions of years to decompose. D) Even such things as deforestation have taken a huge impact on our rain forests. E) Also we ruin animal’s habitats for our benefits causing many animals to become endangered. Transition: Although all these reasons are scary results of what could happen, many people still don’t make the changes to help our planet. 2) There are so many easy changes everyone can do either large or small that will make a significant impact on helping our planet. A) Recycling is such an easy option that everyone can do to help preserve our natural resources. B) There are also many ways to save energy which can be very helpful to our environment. C) Can send less fossil fuel into the environment by not using your car as much or even buying a hybrid car. D) We can save more water and even say goodbye to bottled water! E) Start reusing things instead of buying more unnecessary things we don’t need, even just using reusable bags instead of plastic is so helpful. F) Also things like start planting trees to help contribute to a greener environment. Conclusion: Those are just a few things you can do to help make an impact on our planet. Going green can be as simple as recycling or making sure to turn off lights when you leave. Or it can be as big as turning in your car for a new hybrid model that burns less fossil fuel. No matter how large or small the changes you are doing will make an impact on the plant. I challenge all of you to make one change today because as I mentioned before it is estimated that in 2050 people will only have 25% of resources per capita that people in 1950 had, do you really want this to be your future?

Compare Politics Between Hawaii and the Mainland US essays

Compare Politics Between Hawaii and the Mainland US essays The State of Hawaii was the 50th state forming the United States, making Hawaii the most recent adopted territory of US. Precisely because Hawaii did not become a state until 1959, its history and culture have developed for a long period of time without any US influence. This particularity makes Hawaii a unique place, where one encounters a strong and lasting Hawaiian tradition and culture. Hawaii is one of the few US states that was previous to its annexation to the US organized independently. But comparing to the other states that had independent statehood, Hawaii became an US state quite recently. Perhaps this is one of the reasons for which the Hawaiian culture continues to last on this territory together with other ethnic groups cultures and with hardly any American influence. It is hard to assert that Hawaii is primarily a state belonging to a single culture. In fact, the diversity of ethnicity is one of the main characteristics of Hawaii. The first contact that the islands now forming Hawaii had with Europeans was in 1778, when British explorer James Cook first discovered the islands. Following Cooks discovery, many European explorers and traders came to the islands and remained here, bringing ethnical diversity to the islands. However, they also brought new diseases which actually decimated the native population. This influenced greatly the demographics of Hawaii. Of course, the European influence in Hawaii was considerable, but it was not the only external influence that has changed the islands completely. In 1820, American missionaries arrived to Hawaii and managed to convert the remaining native population to protestant Christianity.1 Hawaii was a Kingdom between 1810 and 1893 as the result of long-lasting campaigns of annexation of all the islands conducted by a Hawaiian warrior chief, Kamehameha the Great. As a monarchy, the Kingdom of Hawaii followed the model of European monarchies, becoming a mode...

Direct Speech Definition and Examples

Direct Speech Definition and Examples Direct speech is a report of the exact words used by a speaker or writer. Contrast with indirect speech. Also called direct discourse. Direct speech is usually placed inside quotation marks and accompanied by a reporting verb, signal phrase, or quotative frame. Examples and Observations A South Carolina parrot was the sole witness to the death by neglect of a 98-year-old woman. Help me, Help me, said the parrot. Ha ha ha!(reported in Harpers Magazine, February 2011)I went in search of the good beer. Along the way, I caught an intriguing snippet of conversation in the sunroom:â€Å"So if I win at that table, I’ll go on to the World Series,† said the mom I know as some kind of government contractor.â€Å"World Series?† you ask.â€Å"Of Poker,† she replied. â€Å"I went last year.†Whoa.(Petula Dvorak, White House Correspondents’ Association Dinner Has Nothing on Suburban Fete. The Washington Post, May 3, 2012)How old are you? the man asked.The little boy, at the eternal question, looked at the man suspiciously for a minute and then said, Twenty-six. Eight hunnerd and forty eighty.His mother lifted her head from the book. Four, she said, smiling fondly at the little boy.Is that so? the man said politely to the little boy. Twenty -six. He nodded his head at the mother across the aisle. Is that your mother?The little boy leaned forward to look and then said, Yes, thats her.Whats your name? the man asked.The little boy looked suspicious again. Mr. Jesus, he said.(Shirley Jackson, The Witch. The Lottery and Other Stories. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1949) Direct Speech and Indirect Speech While direct speech purports to give a verbatim rendition of the words that were spoken, indirect speech is more variable in claiming to represent a faithful report of the content or content and form of the words that were spoken. It is important to note, however, that the question of whether and how faithful a given speech report actually is, is of a quite different order. Both direct and indirect speech are stylistic devices for conveying messages. The former is used as if the words being used were those of another, which are therefore pivoted to a deictic center different from the speech situation of the report. Indirect speech, in contrast, has its deictic center in the report situation and is variable with respect to the extent that faithfulness to the linguistic form of what was said is being claimed. (Florian Coulmas, Reported Speech: Some General Issues. Direct and Indirect Speech, ed. by F. Coulmas. Walter de Gruyter, 1986) Direct Speech as Drama When a speaking event is reported via direct speech forms, it is possible to include many features that dramatize the way in which an utterance was produced. The quotative frame can also include verbs which indicate the speakers manner of expression (e.g. cry, exclaim, gasp), voice quality (e.g. mutter, scream, whisper), and type of emotion (e.g. giggle, laugh, sob). It can also include adverbs (e.g. angrily, brightly, cautiously, hoarsely, quickly, slowly) and descriptions of the reported speakers style and tone of voice, as illustrated in [5]. [5a] I have some good news, she whispered in a mischievous way.[5b] What is it? he snapped immediately.[5c] Cant you guess? she giggled.[5d] Oh, no! Dont tell me youre pregnant he wailed, with a whining nasal sound in his voice. The literary style of the examples in [5] is associated with an older tradition. In contemporary novels, there is often no indication, other than separate lines, of which character is speaking, as the direct speech forms are presented like a dramatic script, one after the other. (George Yule, Explaining English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1998) Like: Signaling Direct Speech in Conversation An interesting new way of signaling direct speech has recently developed among younger English speakers and is spreading from the United States to Britain. This occurs entirely in spoken conversation, rather than in writing, . . . but here are some examples anyway. (It may help to imagine an American teenager speaking these examples.) - . . . Though the construction is new [in 1994] and not yet standard, its meaning is very clear. It seems to be used more often to report thoughts rather than actual speech. (James R. Hurford, Grammar: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, 1994) Differences in Reported Speech Even in the days of audio and video recording, there can be surprising differences in direct quotations attributed to the same source. A simple comparison of the same speech event covered in different newspapers can illustrate the problem. When his country was not invited to a meeting of the Commonwealth of Nations in 2003, the president of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe, said the following in a televised speech, according to The New York Times: If our sovereignty is what we have to lose to be re-admitted into the Commonwealth, Mr. Mugabe was quoted as saying on Friday, we will say goodbye to the Commonwealth. And perhaps the time has now come to say so. (Wines 2003) And the following according to an Associated Press story in the Philadelphia Inquirer. If our sovereignty is to be real, then we will say goodbye to the Commonwealth, [sic; second quotation mark missing] Mugabe said in remarks broadcast on state television. Perhaps the time has come to say so. (Shaw 2003) Did Mugabe produce both versions of these comments? If he gave only one, which published version is accurate? Do the versions have different sources? Are the differences in the exact wording significant or not?(Jeanne Fahnestock, Rhetorical Style: The Uses of Language in Persuasion. Oxford University Press, 2011)

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Annotated Bibliography Example Barry’s article analyzes both arguments for and against the issue of gay marriage. The article aims is at providing a better understanding to the world before giving a summary of his opinion. Barry defines gay marriage as marriage between two people with the same gender identity. According to Barry (260), those in support of the gay marriage view the arrangement as marriage of equality. Proponents of gay marriage believe that this union should be of little concern to an individual as the case of heterosexual marriage. Therefore, gay couples should be allowed to celebrate their union in public just like normal couples. On the contrary, those opposed to gay marriage argue that, since time in memorial, marriage institution has always been defined as between two people of different sex. That is man and woman. In addition, marriage is about procreation and bringing up of the children within a family. According to Gale, Equal Marriage is dated back in 2001 when Joe and Kevin Bourassa married in Toronto Metropolitan Church. Thereafter, the two proceeded to court seeking the states recognition of their marriage right. This article provides an alternate point of view of gay marriage. According to Gale, the Ohio court instituted a right to same sex. Therefore, no state within U.S. should treat gay marriage as illegal. Despite the struggles in both political and legal field, we should know the world still discriminates the gay family. However, members of gay family have inner strength, resilience, and wisdom. These qualities help them develop unique ways in which they conduct their relationship. Nagle outlines his understanding on this hotly debated topic of gay marriages. As a rule of democracy, Nagle explains that every member of the society is entitled to his/her rights, expression, association, and opinions. He refers to the statement by the Prime- Minister who on his part hinted that gay marriage is not a matter of ‘if’ but

International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

International Management - Essay Example Living for long in the same geography they share vast similarities. The challenges that this kind of complex countries present are both relevant to ongoing companies as well as for MNCs trying to enter these markets. When making a debut into one market, and preparing an entry strategy firms need to consider very much the national culture of the company, to evaluate whether the culture will help the business to flourish or whether the cultural norms will act as hindrance to the business and profitability. Any cultural theory is based on the assumption that there is no universal method of management theory. And in this global world, doing business in other countries require knowledge and empathy with the locals of the country, hence it is important to understand and be aware of the cultural differences when handling or dealing with cross cultural groups or individuals. Geert Hofstede has described five dimensions of differences in values between national cultures. The five dimensions of Geert Hofstede are Power Distance, Individualism versus Collectivism, Masculinity versus Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Long-term versus Short-term orientation. The dimension, Power Distance tries to suggest the degree of inequality amongst the different members in a given culture. On a scale the dimension ranges from small to large. In cultures where Power Distance is small, members of the society relate to each other on a more equal level regardless of the status or authority of the people in consideration. Whereas, in large Power Distance situations, there is more formality in interaction amongst people. According to Hofstede, Pakistan has a score of 55 on the cultural scale; which compared to other regional countries is relatively low. It shows that Pakistan is somewhat in the middle and does not have a very large gap between the wealthy and the poor people in the country. But, still it does not strongly believe in the

Classic film research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Classic film research - Essay Example Within the context, Ang Lee’s film is noteworthy because he does not try to follow Jane Austen’s literary craftsmanship. Instead, the director attempts to unleash his own individual freedom and artistic craftsmanship. Thesis statement: In the film Sense and Sensibility, Ang Lee makes use of film techniques, (importance given to body language and visual symbols), characterization (changes in the individuality of main characters) and theme (appealing to Austen fans and international viewers/youngsters who like romantic comedy genre), to convey the message of understanding female psychology. Plot summary: The film’s plot is closely related to the lives of three daughters in Mr. Dashwood’s family. To be specific, Mr. Dashwood’s death did not crush the cohesion among the family members because Mrs. Dashwood decided to fight against fate. So, they decided to move to another place, named as Devonshire. Gradually, the plot thickens when Marianne’s (M rs. Dashwood’s daughter) affection towards Willoughby become futile. Later, she realizes that Willoughby is a fraud and decides to marry Colonel Brandon. On the other side, Elinor’s affection towards Edward creates internal problems in their families. But in the end, Elinor was proposed by Edward. One can see that the major events in the film are interconnected with the internal affairs of Mr. Dashwood’s family. ... To be specific, he ignored the star value of these mainstream actors and asked them to use their body language to express their emotions. This can satisfy the Austen fans and the western viewers who are interested in melodrama. At the same time, the director was aware that various visual symbols can be used to convey his messages to the international viewers. For instance, the scene in which Elinor is kept alone by her mother and sisters by closing their doors is symbolic of desertion and loneliness. Louise Flavin states that, â€Å"A visual representation of the self-indulgence of â€Å"sensibility† can be read in the scene in which Marianne, her mother, and Margaret go into separate rooms and slam shut the doors, leaving Elinor alone on the step† (47). To be specific, the closed door is symbolic of miscommunication or internal problems in Mr. Dashwood’s family. Besides, the director knew that he must satisfy both the Austen fans and the international viewers. S o, he depended upon film techniques (cinematic techniques) like body language and visual symbols to communicate with his viewers in general. Characters/Characterization: In the film, the director selected Emma Thompson as the main character because she knew the limitations of her leading role. To be specific, Emma Thompson is the mastermind behind the film’s script. She knew that the modern viewers, especially the youngsters, may not accept Jane Austen’s story because the same is not relevant in the modern context. So, she interchanged the behavior traits and beliefs of the main characters, especially the behavior of Elinor and Marianne. Besides, the director chose Kate Winslet as an important character in the film because she was not a familiar actress in 1990s.

Colonialism and Immigration Restriction Act of 1901

Colonialism and Immigration Restriction Act of 1901 Alan Taylor Are Colonialism and the â€Å"Immigration Restriction Act of 1901† really dead in Australia? In this essay I will propose that colonialism and the ‘Immigration Restriction Act aka White Australia policy’,[1] are not dead, not just yet anyway. I will briefly outline some of the tensions in the community which led to the implementation of this policy in 1901. I will also investigate how the media of the day helped this policy along. I will then go on to explain how this policy, which was enacted to stop non Europeans entering Australia, effected the Indigenous population throughout the life of said policy. I will then go on to see if some points from this policy are being revived in today’s political environment, or is it just coincidence that these new legislations seem to align themselves with the White Australia policy of yesteryear. Also I will briefly examine if these new policies breach the ‘Human Rights Act’. One in particular, Operation Sovereign Borders,[2] designed to stop refugees entering the country illegally. By the end if this es say I should be able to answer the question posed above. The Immigration Restriction Act was the main component of a package of legislation acknowledged by the new Federal Parliament in 1901. It was premeditated to exclude all non-European migrants and also the Indigenous population who were deemed as not being Australian. This package also incorporated the ‘Pacific Islander Labourers Act and Section 15 of the 1901 Post and Telegraph Act’,[3] which provided that ships hauling Australian mail, and therefore funded by the Commonwealth, should provide work for white labour only.[4] The attitudes were in line with Australian nationalism of the late 1800s. And was a move to control non-European immigration to most of the Australian colonies dating back to the 1850s. The beginning of the White Australia policy began with the mining boom of the 1850s. The white miners anger towards the hard-working Chinese diggers ended in violence in Victoria and New South Wales. These two colonies governments initiated restraints on the immigration of Chinese people. Later, it was the turn of hard-working indentured labourers from the Pacific South Sea Islands known as Kanakas in the northern region of Queensland. The employees of factories in the south became strongly opposed to all forms of immigration which might threaten their employ; predominantly by non-white people who they thought would accept an inferior standard of living and also would work for lower wages. A number of influential Queenslanders felt that they would be expelled from the impending Federation if the Kanaka trade did not stop. Leading NSW and Victorian politicians advised that there would be no place for Asiatics or coloureds in the Australia of the future. In 1901, the new federal government voted for an Act ending the employment of Pacific Islanders and other non-white people. The Immigration Restriction Act 1901 obtained royal approval on the 23rd December1901. It was depicted as an Act to deliver certain limitations on immigration and for the removal from the Commonwealth of forbidden immigrants. The Act banned from immigration those considered to be insane, anyone expected to become a burden upon the public or upon any public or charitable institution. This also included any person suffering from an infectious or contagious disease of a loathsome or dangerous character. Other limitations put in place included a dictation test which was used to eliminate certain aspirants by entailing them to pass a written test. Often these tests were carried out in a language that the aspirant was not familiar with and had been selected by an immigration officer. With these strict measures in place the enactment of the White Australia policy was w armly applauded by most sections of the community. In 1919 the Prime Minister, William Morris Hughes, hailed it as the greatest thing we have achieved.[5] The Immigration Restriction Act demonstrates Australias stance toward immigration from federation until the later part of the 20th century, which preferred applicants from certain countries, most of these applicants were mainly of European nationality. The abolition of this policy occurred over a period of 25 years. After the 1949 election win of the alliance between the Liberal and Country parties, Immigration Minister Harold Holt permitted 800 non-European refugees to stay in Australia and Japanese war brides were allowed to enter Australia. Over succeeding years Australian governments steadily dismantled the policy with the final remnants being removed in 1973 by the new Labor government. The Immigration Restriction Act 1901 represents the official adoption by Commonwealth of Australia of racist policies that resulted in a form of immigration apartheid that grew out of racist 19th century community attitudes. Up until the middle of the20th century, these types of racist attitudes limited the Indigenous population from realizing the same rights as the white Australians. In the 1950s, many of the Indigenous population were relocated in missions where they had to abide to stringent conditions and to rely on handouts of food. A number were even forced to assimilate into white Australian society after being removed from their family homes as children, these were to become known as the stolen generations. The media throughout this period used cartoon images and headlines such as to put across the Government views on who should be allowed entry into Australia. While the policy which was enacted in 1901 to restrict the immigration of non Europeans has been dead, since 1973, I fear some components of said Policy are creeping back into today’s Policy making, in an age where we are considered to be in the post colonialism era. The measures undertaken during this period were helped along by the print media of the day, as it is today. On 21 June 2007, the Australian Government announced a ‘national emergency response to protect Aboriginal children in the Northern Territory’ from sexual abuse and family violence. This has become known as the ‘NT intervention’ or the ‘Emergency Response’.[6] The medium for the actions was the release of ‘Report of the Northern Territory Board of Inquiry into the Protection of Aboriginal Children from Sexual Abuse, titled Ampe Akelyernemane Meke Mekarle: ‘Little Children are Sacred’.’[7] Some parts of the ‘NT intervention’ policy, was to initiate extensive alcohol restrictions on the Aboriginal lands in the Northern Territory. The enforcing of school attendance by linking income support and family assistance payments to school attendance for all people living on Aboriginal lands and providing meals for children at school at the expense of the parents. Also the introduction of obligatory health checks for all Aboriginal children to aid in the recognizing and treating of health problems and any causes of abuse. As part of the urgent response to this emergency, there was an increase in policing levels in prescribed communities, including requesting verbal agreements from other jurisdictions to enhance NT resources, funded by the Australian Government. This was accomplished by improving authority by assigning managers of all government business to agreed communities.[8] As it stands, there is a need for considerable change for the NT intervention measures to be considered steady with Australia’s international human rights requirements. The Social Justice Report of 2007 outlined ten steps, to which I only mention a few, to modifying the intervention so that it is consistent with these obligations and ensures Indigenous individuals in Aboriginal communities in the NT equal treatment and full human dignity. In the 1990’s the Australian Government initiated Mandatory detention for Asylum seekers, under mandatory detention, any person who enters the Australian migration zone without a visa is located in a holding facility while health and security checks are carried out. At which time seemed fair. This in turn led to the Pacific Solution: 2001–2007 the Australian government policy of conveying asylum seekers to detention centres on island nations in the Pacific Ocean, while their refugee status was verified. In 2007, the Labor Party under Prime Minister Kevin Rudd discarded the Pacific Solution, by installing a more liberal asylum policy. Rudds government guaranteed to resolve all asylum claims within three months and closed the Nauru detention facility. In November 2012 Australia with the approval of Papua New Guinea opened an offshore processing facility on Manus Island, a remote location 800kms to the north of Papua New Guinea. It then started sending asylum seekers from Christmas Island, an Australian territory south of Java, to the Manus Island facility, over 4,800kms away. In July 2013 Australia then announced that all asylum seekers arriving in its territory by boat would, if they ascertain that these asylum seekers are actual refugees, would be resettled in Papua New Guinea, and not in Australia. In 2013 Amnesty International Australia released a report entitled ‘This Is Breaking People.’[9] This report looked into the Manus Island detention facility to see if the Labor government was in violation of the asylum seekers human rights. Also in the same year Amnesty International Australia also released another report entitled ‘The truth about Manus Island.’[10] They found that nearly five months into this new policy of sending the asylum seekers to Manus Island, it was clear that the Regional Resettlement Arrangement has resulted in a host of violations to their human rights. Some of the violations that they found were: ‘Asylum seekers are detained in the absence of any individualized assessment of the need for detention. Contrary to international law, the Regional Resettlement Arrangement with Papua New Guinea discriminates against asylum seekers on the basis of their means and date of arrival, treats as suspect all asylum seekers who arrive by boat, and penalizes them for their manner of arrival.’[11] One of the recommendations to fix these and other human rights violations was to: ‘Immediately review the Regional Resettlement Arrangement with Papua New Guinea and end offshore processing and the offshore detention of asylum seekers. All asylum seekers held in the Manus Island detention centre must be transferred back to Australian territory and given full access to asylum procedures in Australia.’[12] Today the Government is turning back the boats as promised with their policy Operation Sovereign Borders. ‘Operation Sovereign Borders is the Abbott governments military-led plan to combat people smugglers and treat the arrival of asylum seeker boats to Australia as a national emergency and a border protection crisis’.[13] In one cartoon from the White Australia policy era it depicts an Aboriginal looking menacing towards a landing party from England, the slogan reads ‘Trying to STOP THE BOATS’ these types of images were common under the Immigration Restriction Act. In the lead up to the 2013 Federal election, one of the slogans the then opposition party used for their campaign was ‘STOP THE BOATS’ in reference to asylum seekers arriving in Australia illegally by boat. At the very top of the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901, it states: ‘To place certain restrictions on Immigration and to provide for the removal from the Commonwealth of prohibited Immigrants. [Assented to 23rd December 1901]’[14] Are these policies influenced by the long dead Immigration Restriction Act, or is it just by coincidence that they appear similar. In conclusion it seems that the Immigration Restriction Act or ‘White Australia’ policy is creeping back into today’s political and national environment, but I hope that it is just coincidence that it looks that way. We did help write the human rights charter, yet it seems that we have been in violation of this charter for some time. Also with ‘NT intervention’ policy let’s hope it does not lead to another stolen generation. As a nation we should have learnt from previous mistakes made, to strive toward a nation that can be a role model for the global community. Let us not regress to our colonial past where we were perceived as a country of racists, for we as a nation live in a post colonial world. Finally to answer the question, ‘Are Colonialism and the â€Å"Immigration Restriction Act of 1901† really dead in Australia?’ Yes I do believe these to be a thing of the past and are dead in Australia. But if the I and the people of Australia cannot be tolerant off other people and their cultures, surely we will regress back to the days of colonialism and the ways of the ‘White Australia’ policy. Bibliography Amnesty International Australia, This Is Breaking People human rights violations at Australia’s asylum seeker processing centre on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea. accessed february 20, 2014. http://www.amnesty.org.au/images/uploads/about/Amnesty_International_Manus_Island_report.pdf.. Amnesty International Australia, The truth about Manus Island: 2013 report. Accessed February 10, 2014. http://www.amnesty.org.au/refugees/comments/33587/. (The truth about Manus Island: 2013 report) Australian Human Rights Commission, The Northern Territory ‘Emergency Response’ intervention – A human rights analysis. Accessed February 22, 2014. http://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/social_justice/sj_report/sjreport07/pdf/chap3.pdf. Australian Human Rights Commission, Social Justice Report 2007 Chapter 3: The Northern Territory Emergency Response intervention. Accessed February 22, 2014. http://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/social-justice-report-2007-chapter-3-northern-territory-emergency-response-intervention Museum of Australian Democracy, Immigration Restriction Act 1901 (Cth). Accessed February 19, 2014. http://foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-16.html. National Communications Branch, Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Canberra, Fact Sheet 8 – Abolition of the White Australia Policy. Accessed February 09, 2014. http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/08abolition.htm. SBS. Factbox: Operation Sovereign Borders. News. http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/09/19/factbox-operation-sovereign-borders (accessed February 10, 2014). Thompson, Stephen. Migration Heritage Centre, Objects Through Time. Last modified 2011. (Accessed February 12, 2014) http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime/immigration-restriction-act/. Transcript. No. 17 of 1901. No. 17 of 1901. Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House, 1901. http://foundingdocs.gov.au/resources/transcripts/cth4ii_doc_1901a.pdf. (accessed 10 Feb 2014). Other Skwirk.com. History of racist attitudes and fear, White Australia: Immigration Restriction Act 1901, Australia to 1914, SOSE: History Year 9, NSW | Online Education Home Schooling Skwirk Australia. 2014. http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-56_u-127_t-350_c-1213/history-of-racist-attitudes-and-fear/nsw/history-of-racist-attitudes-and-fear/australia-to-1914/white-australia-immigration-restriction-act-1901 (accessed 11 Feb) [1] An Act to place certain restrictions on Immigration and to provide for the removal from the Commonwealth of prohibited Immigrants (No.17 of 1901) [2] Term the Government uses instead of ‘Stop the Boats’ [3] Immigration Restriction Act 1901 (Cth) [4] Fact Sheet 8 – Abolition of the White Australia Policy [5] Fact Sheet 8 – Abolition of the White Australia Policy [6] Social Justice Report 2007 Chapter 3: The Northern Territory Emergency Response intervention [7] Northern Territory ‘Emergency Response’ intervention – A human rights analysis [8] Brough, M., (Minister for Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs), National emergency response to protect children in the NT, Media Release, 21 June 2007. [9] This Is Breaking People 2013, 3 12 [10] The truth about Manus Island: 2013 report [11] This Is Breaking People 2013, 3 [12] This Is Breaking People 2013, 4 [13] Factbox: Operation Sovereign Borders. September 19, 2013 [14] Transcript 1901, 1